LISTEN LIVE: http:\/\/www.coopradio.org<\/a>
Host: Alfred Lambremont Webre, JD, MEd<\/a><\/p>\n
Guest: DR. PAUL A. LaVIOLETTE,<\/a> author THE TALK OF THE GALAXY<\/a>.<\/p>\n The Talk of the Galaxy presents evidence for the existence of Evidence that pulsars are part of a vast network of ETI communication beacons.<\/p>\n This exhaustive study presents first time proof that astronomers Acclaim for The Talk of the Galaxy<\/p>\n In a remarkable open-minded exploration of cosmic Joseph McMoneagle, author of Mind Trek and The Ultimate Time Machine <\/p>\n Dr. Paul LaViolette is absolutely brilliant in his Sherry Hansen Steiger and Brad Steiger, Dr. Paul LaViolette systematically and eloquently presents Dr. Eugene F. Mallove, Editor-in-Chief, Infinite Energy Magazine, Provocative evidence of signals from a galactic society<\/p>\n Dr. Paul LaViolette makes an astonishing assertion: Is the Vela pulsar a superwave map?<\/p>\n Shown above is a year 2000 Chrandra X-ray satellite image The Life Work of Paul LaViolette PAUL A. LaVIOLETTE, PH.D, is author of The Talk of the Galaxy, Earth Paul LaViolette has an ongoing interest in metaphysics, mysticism, and music.<\/p>\n He has served as a solar energy consultant for the UN, Greek Mythology Insights.<\/p>\n He is also the co-developer of the Gray-LaViolette feeling tone <\/p>\n The Forgotten Challenge: Pulsars "More than 30 years after the discovery of pulsars, we still don’t know how the radio waves are produced….<\/p>\n Explaining pulsar radiation is one of the most difficult problems of astrophysics"<\/p>\n – Prof. Janusz Gil As stated earlier, one of the two most obvious choices for an It would be left to the receiving society to aim some directive In fact, this is exactly what happened in 1967 when Cambridge For Jocelyn Bell’s own story of the events, see Little Green Men, White Dwarfs or Pulsars?<\/p>\n The pulsing signal finding was not published until an But the idea of pulsars (and other newly-discovered astrophysical "The very serious current energy problems both in quasar and in "The pulsar story clearly shows that phenomena which at first At about that time, Oliver and Billingham published the influential Sagan’s suggestion was not taken up by the astronomical community. That was an echo of Oliver’s argument. But Oliver aside, refusing to We have often noticed that perfectly-competent scientists lose their On the subject of a civilization’s resource limitations, it would be Recently, Sagan’s speculations about pulsars as ETI beacons have We will draw a bit from the history of pulsar research that he has The Neutron Star Lighthouse Model Quite early, the radially-pulsating white dwarf model had to be Pulsar Diagram Gold’s neutron star pulsar model was a congenial development for Pulsar tangential velocities are very high, ranging up to 1\/7 c, Challenging Behaviors In 2002, two years after the publication of LaViolette’s book, "After more than thirty years of pulsar observations, the emission mechanism of pulsars is only poorly understood.\ufffd <\/p>\n The paper itself details a taxonomy of Vela pulsar signal For another example of continuing problems in understanding the These articles describe a supernova remnant now thought to be from Dr. LaViolette enumerates the many problems faced by astronomers in Here, then, is the listing:<\/p>\n Time-Averaged Regularity; Single-pulse Variability Mode switching can<\/p>\n Alter shape of time-averaged pulse profile<\/p>\n Restructure pulse drifting and modulation<\/p>\n Alter polarization properties<\/p>\n Change how profile component intensities vary as function of radio frequency<\/p>\n But the exceedingly precise primary period and period derivative remains unchanged. (Bartel et. al., 1982) As the reader can imagine, the above is an extremely brief That is important when considering pulsars as ETI beacons, because Positions and Unique Features This is an equal-area projection of the Milky Way in galactic The neutron star lighthouse model predicted that pulsars would be Now that is very odd because the distribution of pulsars appears to Furthermore, the concentration appears at a position that is very This strongly implies that the pulsars appear where they are by Does that get your attention? It does for LaViolette and he devotes a large part of his book to it.<\/p>\n Shall we go on? Here is the all-sky view with four pulsars shown. Eclipsing Binaries<\/p>\n It also happens that the pulsars at the two 1-radian positions are 1 Radian North Longitude<\/p>\n Pulsar 1937-21, the "Millisecond Pulsar", is the fastest known, 1957-20 is also a millisecond pulsar as well as being the eclipsing A third pulsar appears in this little cluster: 1930-22 in the constellation Vulpecula.<\/p>\n And there is yet another interesting astronomical feature at this Galactic Center<\/p>\n Two of the six known eclipsing binary pulsars are here: 1718-19 and 1 Radian South Longitude<\/p>\n At 1 radian south longitude we find Pulsar 1259-63, another of the Consider now the symbols represented by the constellations or the What are the implications of all this? How does it happen that very At this point we might pause to reflect on the SETI community once Pulsar Technology<\/p>\n Is it possible that pulsars could be engineered objects? Unlike Note that even the neutron star lighthouse model invokes standing wave magnetic field patterns to modulate the particle flux.<\/p>\n Although we may now have or soon will have the capability to Why would we balk at such a proposition? If our physicists can propose it, should we not accept that we might have found it?<\/p>\n Consider further. The pulsars we detect seem to be intentionally On the other hand, perhaps they are pointing out our position to others! (Suggested by Dan Drasin, private communication.)<\/p>\n Whatever may be its purpose, one visualizes at this point a Messages In a sense, the zero-order information is that they are there and LaViolette pursues the issue further and discerns a first-order For those interested, a concise review of what Dr. LaViolette Conventional Searches for Pulsing Signals TSS searches for sets of three regularly-spaced "pulses", where The TSS pulsed signal search algorithm is best seen as an SEE ALSO:<\/p>\n Exopolitics: Has the Galactic Superwave of 2012 Begun?<\/p>\n http:\/\/exopolitics.blogs.com\/exopolitics\/2005\/03\/did_a_neutron_s.html<\/a><\/p>\n
\ninterstellar radio beacons of extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI)
\norigin that are beaming signals toward the solar system. Dr. LaViolette
\nannounced this important discovery to the astronomical community on
\nJanuary 12, 2000 at the 195th meeting of the American Astronomical
\nSociety held in Atlanta, Georgia (abstract). His findings were well
\nreceived. <\/p>\n
\nhave been receiving radio signals of intelligent origin. As early as
\n1967 and continuing to the present, radio astronomers have been
\ncarefully studying and cataloging unusual interstellar beacons called
\npulsars thinking them to be stars of natural origin. Dr. LaViolette,
\nwho has been researching pulsars for 21 years, shows that, up to now,
\nthe nature of these radio sources has been grossly misunderstood. He
\nhas discovered that pulsars are nonrandomly distributed in the sky, the
\nmost unique of these marking key Galactic locations that have
\nparticular significance from an ETI communication standpoint. He also
\npresents evidence of unusual geometric alignments among pulsars and
\nintriguing pulse period relationships. Equally compelling is the
\nmessage they are sending-a warning about a past Galactic core explosion
\ndisaster that should help us avert a future global tragedy.<\/p>\n
\nproportions, Dr. LaViolette proposes that since 1967 radio astronomers
\nhave been receiving and cataloging signals of extraterrestrial
\nintelligence (ETI). While his explanation is complex, it underscores
\nthe very reasons why they may indeed be messages of intelligent origin.
\nA book well worth reading, it is both thought provoking as well as
\nprofound in its implications for what our future may bring.<\/p>\n
\nprovocative book, The Talk of the Galaxy– fastidiously researched and
\nwell presented. You cannot read this book and not believe! A truly
\nremarkable work from an equally remarkable man!<\/p>\n
authors of The Rainbow Conspiracy and UFO Odyssey <\/p>\n
\nan audacious hypothesis that the signals and locations of many pulsars
\nprovide evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence. Whatever the
\nsignificance of his data and conclusions, this is a book well worth
\nreading by those who ponder the great questions of life in the cosmos.<\/p>\n
Director, New Energy Research Laboratory, Bow, New Hampshire <\/p>\n
\npulsars are not what we thought they are (spinning neutron stars) but
\nare white dwarf stars fitted with synchrotron generators by an
\nastro-engineering galactic society specifically to transmit information
\nto us.
Anyone can make astonishing assertions; we
\nencounter them every day. But LaViolette supports his hypothesis with
\nextensive research data published by established astronomers, and a
\nbroad understanding of physics, astrophysics, and relevant
\nareas of engineering.
It is not necessary to take
\nLaViolette’s ideas on faith. Pulsars ARE strange and becoming more and
\nmore difficult for astronomers to understand, the more they learn about
\nthem. The facts about pulsar behavior and their spatial distribution
\nthat LaViolette has culled from the research literature cry out for a
\nnew interpretation.
Anyone who has followed the field of
\nSETI – the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence – and grown weary
\nof the endless decades of futile searching for that narrowly-defined
\nneedle in the haystack, will find in The Talk of the Galaxy an
\nextremely exciting revelation.<\/p>\n![\"Velapulsar\"](\"http:\/\/exopolitics.blogs.com\/exopolitics\/images\/velapulsar.jpg\" "\\"Velapulsar\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n
\nshowing the Vela pulsar and its surrounding X-ray-emitting nebula. The
\ngreen arrow indicates the pulsar’s direction of movement across the
\nsky. It is travelling away from the Galactic center at the rate of
\nabout 1\u00b0 of arc every 90,000 years. To the accuracy that we know the
\ndirection of its motion, the pulsar’s trajectory makes an angle of
\n4\u00b112\u00b0 to the galactic plane direction. Hence it is moving essentially
\nparallel to the galactic plane and away from the Galactic center just
\nas the Galactic superwave once did when it passed through this region
\nat the time of the Vela supernova explosion. Interestingly, the two
\nbow shock fronts visible ahead of the pulsar call to mind the
\nsuperwave’s outward advance through the galactic disk. Astronomers have
\nmarvelled at the fact that the prominent jet of X-ray emission that
\nextends behind the pulsar happens to be aligned exactly opposite to the
\npulsar’s direction of travel, as if rocketing it forward. Is this just
\na coincidence? And, is it just a coincidence that the pulsar is moving
\nso nearly parallel to the galactic plane?
Furthermore, the Vela
\npulsar is currently positioned almost exactly perpendicular to the
\nnodal line defined by the intersection of galactic equator and the
\nEarth’s ecliptic plane. It currently makes an angle of 89.956\u00b0 with
\nthis line, and due to the pulsar’s proper motion, this angle would have
\nbeen exactly 90\u00b0 in the year 2700 \u00b1 800 BC. To make things even more
\npersonal, it is superimposed on the Vela supernova remnant which, of
\nall young supernova remnants in the Galaxy, is the closest one of all
\nto our solar system.
Is someone out there trying to tell us
\nsomething? To find out more about the Vela pulsar’s unique features,
\nread The Talk of the Galaxy.<\/p>\n
http:\/\/www.etheric.com\/LaViolette\/LaViolette.html<\/a><\/p>\n
\nUnder Fire, Genesis of the Cosmos (Beyond the Big Bang), Subquantum
\nKinetics, and editor of A Systems View of Man. He has also published
\nmany original papers in physics, astronomy, climatology, systems
\ntheory, and psychology. He received his BA in physics from Johns
\nHopkins, his MBA from the University of Chicago, and PhD from Portland
\nState University and is currently president of the Starburst
\nFoundation, an interdisciplinary scientific research institute.<\/p>\n
\ngovernment, and Club of Rome Goals for Mankind Project and has also
\nconsulted Fortune 500 companies on ways of stimulating innovation.
\nResearch he conducted at Harvard School of Public Health led him to
\ninvent an improved pulsation dampener for air sampling pumps. Related
\nwork led him to develop an improved life-support rebreather apparatus
\nfor protection against hazardous environments and for which he received
\ntwo patents.
Recognized in the Marquis Who’s Who in Science and
\nEngineering, Dr. LaViolette is the first to predict that high intensity
\nvolleys of cosmic ray particles travel directly to our planet from
\ndistant sources in our Galaxy, a phenomenon now confirmed by scientific
\ndata. He is also the first to discover high concentrations of cosmic
\ndust in Ice Age polar ice, indicating the occurrence of a global cosmic
\ncatastrophe in ancient times. Based on this work, he made predictions
\nabout the entry of interstellar dust into the solar system ten years
\nbefore its confirmation in 1993 by data from the Ulysses spacecraft and
\nby radar observations from New Zealand. He also originated the glacier
\nwave flood theory that not only provides a reasonable scientific
\nexplanation for widespread continental floods, but also presents a
\ncredible explanation for the sudden freezing of the arctic mammoths and
\ndemise of the Pleistocene mammals. Also he developed a novel theory
\nthat links geomagnetic flips to the past occurrence of immense solar
\nflare storm outbursts.
He is the developer of subquantum
\nkinetics, a novel approach to microphysics that not only accounts for
\nelectric, magnetic, gravitational, and nuclear forces in a unified
\nmanner, but also resolves many long-standing problems in physics such
\nas the field singularity problem, the wave-particle dualism, and the
\nfield source problem, to mention a few. Moreover based on the
\npredictions of this theory, he developed an alternative cosmology that
\neffectively replaces the big bang theory. In fact, in 1986, he was the
\nfirst to cast doubt on the big bang theory by showing that it makes a
\nfar poorer fit to existing astronomical data when compared to this new
\nnon-expanding universe cosmology. The subquantum kinetics cosmology
\nalso led him to make successful predictions about galaxy evolution that
\nwere later verified with the Hubble Space Telescope.
Dr.
\nLaViolette is credited with the discovery of the planetary-stellar
\nmass-luminosity relation which demonstrates that the Sun, planets,
\nstars, and supernova explosions are powered by spontaneous energy
\ncreation through photon blueshifting. With this relation, he
\nsuccessfully predicted the mass-luminosity ratio of the first brown
\ndwarf to be discovered.
In addition, Paul LaViolette has
\ndeveloped a new theory of gravity that replaces the deeply flawed
\ntheory of general relativity. Predicted from subquantum kinetics, it
\naccounts for the electrogravitic coupling phenomenon discovered by
\nTownsend Brown and may explain the advanced aerospace propulsion
\ntechnology utilized in the B-2 bomber.
He is the first to
\ndiscover that certain ancient creation myths and esoteric lores
\nmetaphorically encode an advanced science of cosmogenesis. His
\ncontributions to the field of Egyptology and mythology may be compared
\nto the breaking of the Rosetta Stone hieroglyphic code. For a partial
\nlisting of these discoveries click here:<\/p>\n
\ntheory which explains how the brain\/mind forms creative thoughts. This
\nhas led to a new understanding of how the brain functions and to a
\nnovel approach in education.<\/p>\n
http:\/\/www.openseti.org\/OSPulsars.html<\/a> <\/p>\n
J. Kepler Astronomical Center, Zielona G6ra, Poland<\/p>\n
\nelectromagnetic beacon would be a pulsing signal with a fixed
\nrepetition rate. A fixed pulse rate would optimize a receiving
\ncivilization’s possibility of finding the beacon through the use of
\nadaptive techniques requiring minimal a priori knowledge or
\nassumptions. In situations with moderate signal-to-noise ratios (SNR),
\nthe signal would be noticable even without advanced receiving
\ntechniques. In these cases, the fixed repetition rate would serve to
\ncall attention to the pulse sequence and possibly even suggest
\nartificiality.<\/p>\n
\nantenna in the direction of the signal source in order to maximize SNR,
\neither as part of an intentional search or accidentally.<\/p>\n
\nUniversity radio astronomers Ms. Jocelyn Bell and Dr. (now Professor)
\nAntony Hewish discovered first one, and then a second regular pulsing
\nsource in two widely-separated parts of the sky. Since no pulsing
\nsignal sources other than terrestrial man-made ones had ever been seen
\nbefore, a strong possibility of ETI-origin was suspected. The
\nscientists decided that, if this proved to be correct, they could not
\nmake a public announcement without checking with higher authorities.
\nThere was even some discussion about whether it might not be in the
\nbest interests of mankind to destroy the evidence and forget it!
\n(Sturrock, 2000)<\/p>\n
\ninitially-plausible non-ETI intepretation had been constructed: highly
\ndense compact stars (white dwarf stars) that were somehow contracting
\nand expanding or dimming and brightening (Hewish et. al., 1968). In
\nclassic scientific tradition, the sources were labeled "LGM1," "LGM2,"
\netc., the term ‘LGM’ standing for "Little Green Men"!21<\/p>\n
\nobjects and phenomena) as ETI beacons must have been circulating among
\nastronomers. In a note added to his published proceedings of a 1971
\nUSSR conference on Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence
\n(CETI),19 Sagan (1973) wrote,<\/p>\n
\ngravity wave physics can be ameliorated if we imagine these energy
\nsources beamed in our direction. But preferential beaming in our
\ndirection makes little sense unless there is a message in these
\nchannels. A similar remark might apply to pulsars. There are a large
\nnumber of other incompletely understood phenomena, from Jovian
\ndecameter bursts to the high time-resolution structure of x-ray
\nemission which might just conceivably be due to ETI. Perhaps, in the
\nlight of Doctor Marx’s presentation, we must ask if the fine structure
\nof some fluctuating X-ray sources is due to pulsed x-ray lasers for
\ninterstellar spaceflight. But Shklovsky’s principle of assuming such
\nsources natural until proven otherwise, of course, holds.
\nExtraterrestrial intelligence is the explanation of last resort, when
\nall else fails.31<\/p>\n
\nclosely resemble expected manifestations of ETI may nevertheless turn
\nout to be natural objects–although of a very bizarre sort. But even
\nhere there are interesting unexamined possibilities. Has anyone
\nexamined systematically the sequencing of pulsar amplitude and
\npolarization nulls? One would need only a very small movable shield
\nabove a pulsar surface to modulate emission to Earth. This seems much
\neasier than generating an entire pulsar for communications. For
\nsignaling at night it is easier to wave a blanket in front of an
\nexisting fire than to start and douse a set of fires in a pattern which
\ncommunicates a desired message." <\/p>\n
\nCyclops Report (1972) containing what I claim to be a flawed
\njustification for dismissing pulsed signals as probable ETI beacons in
\nplace of a search for monochromatic signals.15<\/p>\n
\nAstronomers were unwilling to (publicly) consider an ETI-based source
\nfor the signals they were receiving. One reason they gave (Jastrow and
\nThompson, 1977) was that the pulse type of beacon was too wasteful of
\nenergy and wouldn’t be the method they would choose.<\/p>\n
\nexamine evidence of ETI because the putative ETI behaves oddly is a
\ncommonly-encountered, and thoroughly-unsound, rationale. Here, the
\nastronomical community was projecting our own contemporary resource
\nlimitations onto unseen and unknown ETI civilizations. Furthermore,
\npulsing beacons (as the Russians knew) are no more wasteful of energy
\nthan the monochromatic kind, given that the civilization on the
\nreceiving end employs matched filters and synchronous detection
\ntechniques, as discussed earlier in this essay. Such receivers would
\ngather energy from the beacon that had been dispersed throughout the
\nspectrum.<\/p>\n
\ncapacity for rational thinking when it comes to the subject of ETI
\nactually encountered, as opposed to ETI theoretically considered. In
\nthis, scientists reveal their common humanity, and this human race has
\na deep fear of such an encounter.<\/p>\n
\nwell to consider here the classification of civilizations according to
\nthe scale of their access to energy, as proposed originally by Russian
\nastronomer Nikolai Kardashev and taken up more recently by Michio Kaku.
\nKardashev and Kaku visualize societies capable of harnessing the entire
\nenergy output of its planet (Type I society), its star (Type II), and
\nits galaxy (Type III). (We would be a Type 0.) For Kaku, a Type III
\ncivilization has access to physics that we would not only not
\ncomprehend, but would not even be able to perceive. One would not have
\nto look very high in this hierarchy of civilizations to find some for
\nwhom the efficiency of beacons would not be a consideration.<\/p>\n
\nbeen revived in a fascinating book, The Talk of the Galaxy, by Paul
\nLaViolette (2000). With the benefit of years of observations made since
\nthat CETI conference in 1971, LaViolette’s analysis makes an excellent
\ncase for seriously reconsidering Sagan’s idea.<\/p>\n
\nconveniently provided, and outline some of his reasoning and key points.<\/p>\n
After the initial two pulsars, many more were discovered, and continue to be discovered. More than 1100 are known today.<\/p>\n
\ndiscarded as unrealistic when two pulsars with periods less than one
\ntenth of a second were found in the Crab and Vela supernova remnants.
\nOut of some twenty different theoretical models that had been proposed
\nto explain pulsars, astronomers settled on the "neutron star
\nlighthouse" model proposed by Thomas Gold (1968). This would be a
\nneutron star emitting two narrow opposed beams of "synchrotron
\nradiation".35 The pulses are our perception of the beams as they sweep
\nby us, if we happen to be in the plane or cone that they sweep out.<\/p>\n
The Neutron Star Lighthouse Model
Listen to The Sounds of Pulsars<\/p>\n
\nastronomers because until then no neutron star had ever actually been
\nobserved. Now there was, provisionally, an explanation for pulsar
\nsignals and confirmation of the existence of neutron stars, provided
\nsubsequent pulsar observations did not cause any problems with the
\nmodel. The fact that some neutron stars would be spinning at a rate of
\nmany revolutions per second did not deter astronomers from continuing
\nto accept and develop the model, even after pulsars with millisecond
\nperiods were discovered.<\/p>\n
\nwhich is nearly a relativistic speed and which corresponds to a
\nmonumental centrifugal force. Can mere gravitational forces be
\nsufficient to keep the object from flying apart? Well, possibly they
\ncan, if the object’s mass density is sufficiently high, as the ratio of
\ngravitational to centrifugal force is proportional to mass density.
\nPerhaps the need for an extremely high mass density is what drove Gold
\nto consider a neutron star explanation in the first place.<\/p>\n
But the short periods have not been the
\nonly challenge to the neutron star lighthouse model. Pulsars have been
\nfound to exhibit a large number of interesting and quite intricate
\nbehaviors – behaviors that (though this may be called post hoc
\nreasoning) fit much more easily with a model of an ETI beacon carrying
\ninformation than they do with any natural-origin model that has been
\nproposed. Astronomers and astrophysicists have been pushed to the limit
\nas they contrive more and more intricate neutron star models to explain
\nwhat they are seeing, and for some behaviors they have no explanation.<\/p>\n
\nKramer et. al., in a paper summarizing the results of high-resolution
\nsingle-pulse studies of the Vela Pulsar open with the statement:<\/p>\n
\ncharacteristics, with suggestions for trying to adjust the model to
\naccomodate everything. I think it would be fair to say, however, that
\nthe authors acknowledge unresolved difficulties in making all the
\ndetails of the pulsar’s microstructure fit a single model.<\/p>\n
\nphysics of pulsars, see the article headlined Pulsars "Lying About
\nTheir Ages," Astronomers Say, Throwing Theories Into Doubt from the
\nNational Radio Observatory, July 12, 2000. Also (Seiradakis 2000).<\/p>\n
\n39,000 to 170,000 years old, that has an associated pulsar whose age,
\nbased on the standard method of age determination, is only 16,000
\nyears. As a news brief in Scientific American puts it, "The discrepancy
\nimplies that theories of pulsar formation and the physics of neutron
\nstars need to be rethought." Indeed.<\/p>\n
\nunderstanding pulsar signals in terms of their model. He goes into some
\ndetails, showing unresolved contradictions, etc. On this page I can
\ngive only a listing of the key behaviors discussed by LaViolette. My
\npurpose is to try to convince the reader that there is good reason for
\nconsidering an alternative.<\/p>\n
\nTime-averaged pulse contours are unchanged over days, months, or years.
\nTiming of averaged profiles is similarly precise. But timing and shape
\nof individual pulses vary considerably.16
Frequency-Dependent Pulse Profiles
\n In some pulsars, time-averaged profile is invariant with observing
\nfrequency. In others, shape and\/or number of components in profile
\nchanges radically with frequency (e.g., Crab pulsar).
Pulse Drifting (certain pulsars)
\n Individual pulses occur successively earlier and earlier within the
\naveraged profile. For certain drifiting pulsars, drift rate abruptly
\nshifts in value. Or drift may be random with occasional recurring
\npatterns.
Polarization Changes
Polarization parameters vary
\nwith time during individual pulses, in a pattern that itself changes
\nfrom pulse to pulse, but the variation of polarization in the
\ntime-averaged profile is constant.
Micropulses (ultra-short intensity variations within individual pulses)
\n About half of observed pulsars exhibit micropulses within individual
\npulses. Micropulses typically last a few hundred microseconds. Or they
\nmay have oscillatory periods.
Pulse Amplitude Modulation
\nSignal strength may wax and wane over a series of pulses with period 2
\nto 20 times longer than the primary pulse period. The period of this
\nvariation can be a function of the "phase" (position) in the profile or
\ncan correlate with a pulse at a different phase and time lag. This may
\nbe seen only when sampling every other pulse.
Fixed Characteristics
Each pulsar\ufffds specific characteristics of pulse modulation and drifting remain fixed for years.
Pulse Nulling and Freezing
\n Pulse transmissions may be interrupted for seconds or up to eight
\nhours. Some studies show that the pulsar continues to transmit, but at
\na very low intensity. During nulling, drift rate becomes exceedingly
\nslow. When normal transmission is resumed, pulses continue from almost
\nthe exact position in the profile where they had left off!
Mode Switching
\n More than one stable pulsation mode, each highly stable for ~10-10000
\nperiods. Abrupt switching between modes occurs in as little as one
\npulse period.<\/p>\n
Frequency-Dependent Mode Switching
\n Pulsars with mode switching have different switching modes, or
\ndifferent numbers of available modes, at different observing frequencies
Mode Switching Grammar\u000b(Example: PSR 0031-07)
\n There are "bursts" of pulses separated by null periods. Three
\npulsation modes are identified: A, B, and C, with quantized drift rates
\nin the proportion 1:2:3. Within a burst, mode A may switch to mode B,
\nand B may switch to C.
Period glitching in 21 pulsars including Crab, Vela
\n Pulse periods grow at a uniform rate (as though spinning pulsar is
\nslowing down), but occasionally the period abruptly changes to a
\nsmaller value (pulsar instantaneously assumes a higher rotation rate?)
\nand the sequence continues from there, but relaxes over several weeks
\nto the previous period.<\/p>\n
\ncompilation of the complex behaviors of pulsars. Each of these
\nbehaviors is described in full detail in the literature. But a key
\npoint to keep in mind is that, when averaged over several minutes or
\nso, these complexities disappear, leaving only extreme regularity.<\/p>\n
\nthe regularity over time supports the detection of weak pulsar signals
\nusing matched detection techniques, while the signals actually can
\ncarry information in the small-scale variations. Once the gross pulsar
\nsignal has been acquired, the receiving civilization can add resources
\nto bring out the details.<\/p>\n
Milky Way with 1-Radian Markers<\/p>\n
\ncoordinates. North galactic longitude is to the left. The view shows
\nstars and constellations, not pulsars. The distribution of pulsars
\ndrops abruptly near 1 radian north of the Galactic Center – as seen
\nwithin 53 l.y. from our location. The profile of supernova remnants
\ndoes not show this drop-off. There is an anomalous concentration of
\npulsars at the south 1-radian point. The two fastest known pulsars are
\nlocated at the two points.<\/p>\n
\nformed in supernova explosions and in fact several of them have been
\nfound near supernova remnants. If that were truly how they were formed,
\none would expect to find pulsars concentrated toward the center of the
\ngalaxy where most supernovas occur. However, LaViolette has noticed
\nthat the distribution of observed pulsars in the galactic plane differs
\nmarkedly from that. (He also cites studies of neutron stars associated
\nwith supernova remnants showing that the stars were not formed in the
\nsupernovas.) In fact, there is a clumping of them near a point one
\nradian to the "north" of the galactic center. There is a sharp fall-off
\n(2-1\/2 fold) of pulsars just beyond that point. He also noticed that
\nsome of the most unusual pulsars are found right at that edge in the
\ndistribution.<\/p>\n
\nconcentrate at that point only when seen from near where we are (within
\n53 l.y of our location), and there is nothing special about the place
\nwhere we are, except for the fact that we are in this place.<\/p>\n
\nspecial. A radian is, by definition, that angle subtended by the arc of
\na circle whose length is equal to the radius of the circle. That makes
\nthe radian a natural (i.e., not arbitrary) unit of angular measure. A
\none-radian angle would be meaningful to an intelligent entity such as a
\nhuman or a human society or other entity that thinks the way we do.
\nEntities who think about geometry would most certainly have thought
\nabout this way of measuring angles.<\/p>\n
\ndesign, and furthermore that the design is intended to get the
\nattention of a society that lives exactly where we are.<\/p>\n
\nThese are four of the six known eclipsing binary pulsars – binaries in
\nwhose orbital plane we are located. Notice that one each of these
\npulsars is located at a 1-radian longitude position; the other two are
\nat the Galactic Center!<\/p>\n
\nthe two fastest-known-pulsing pulsars! These pulsars have other unique
\nfeatures that are described by LaViolette, some of which are detailed
\nbelow. And there is still much more in his thesis. To continue, take a
\ncloser look at the north 1-radian position:<\/p>\n
\nflashing 642 times per second. Its period is extremely constant at 3.3
\nx 10-12 sec\/yr (better than our best atomic clocks). This is the most
\nluminous of all millisecond pulsars with 10-100 times more energy than
\ntypical ones. It is one of only three optical pulsars and the only
\nmillisecond optical pulsar. 1937-21 is one of only two pulsars that
\nemit giant pulses. And it has the lowest proper motion of any pulsar.<\/p>\n
\nbinary mentioned above that is stationed at this point. It is the
\nsecond fastest millisecond pulsar, with period just 3% longer than that
\nof the Millisecond Pulsar. Its period is even more constant, at 0.5 x
\n10-12 sec\/yr.<\/p>\n
\nposition. Sagitta, the Celestial Arrow constellation, is here, and
\nGamma Sagittae, the point of the arrow, is right at 1 radian north
\ngalactic longitude. Do you think there is any meaning in that? Well,
\nhold your opinion until we have discussed the Galactic Center and 1
\nradian south.<\/p>\n
\n1744-24A. Here is another "arrow point": that of Sagittarius’ arrow, as
\nwell as the "sting" of Scorpius.<\/p>\n
\nfour eclipsing binary pulsars located at these special positions. (Is
\nthere any doubt at this point that they are special?) The constellation
\nlocated here is Crux, the Southern Cross.<\/p>\n
\nparticular stars associated with these three positions: Arrow Point,
\nArrow Point, Sting, Cross. Each has meaning as a focal point. Now how
\nmight that have come about? Clearly, "constellations" are arbitrary
\ngroupings of stars in their two-dimensional positions on the celestial
\nsphere. The symbolic meanings they have been given are seen by our
\nmodern culture as quaint and fanciful products of simpler and more
\nnaive times. How odd, then – how very coincidental that these
\nparticular ones have been given symbolic meanings associated with
\npointing out something – something quite invisible to the stargazers of
\nold. That is, pulsar with unique qualities, the (hidden) center of the
\nMilky Way Galaxy, and 1-radian displacements therefrom, a "radian"
\nitself being a unit of angular measure not yet thought of, at those
\ntimes.<\/p>\n
\nspecial objects are located at very special positions, as seen only by
\nobservers located in the vicinity of our solar system? LaViolette
\nconcludes, and at this point I have no difficulty in supporting him in
\nthis, that the pulsars are there due to someone’s intervention. And the
\nalmost inescapable other conclusion is that the constellations were
\nnamed by beings who understood what was going on, and who had to mark
\nthose postions so as to draw the attention of a future technological
\nsociety. Those are strong words, but Open SETI is dedicated to paying
\nattention to evidence of extraterrestrial civilizations, and here we
\nhave surely found such.<\/p>\n
\nagain and their dogged determination to find their idea of an ETI
\nbeacon.<\/p>\n
\nSagan, who accepted the conventional model of a pulsar but wondered if
\nETI could be adding fine-grained modulation, LaViolette proposes a way
\nin which the steady emissions of white dwarf or X-ray stars could be
\nfocused into the pulses we see. He explains that ETI might be using
\nprojected magnetic fields to focus the particle flux from these stars
\ninto a nearly-collimated beam of synchrotron radiation. He points to
\nrumors of present-day military technology that projects force fields
\nand aerial plasmoids. Sagan’s "smoke signal blanket" is retained after
\nall.<\/p>\n
\ntransmit focused synchrotron beams, LaViolette’s transmitting society
\nhas access to energy on a scale far exceeding ours. Although pulsars
\nare probably not neutron stars, they are still stars – white dwarfs
\nmodified to produce the pulsar signals. The short of it is that we are
\nobserving a Kardashev\/Kaku Type II civilization in terms of its ability
\nto harness the total energy of a star.<\/p>\n
\ndirected to our location (not just in our direction). But might there
\nnot be beams we don’t see that are directed at others?<\/p>\n
\nGalactic-scale communications network that may have been in place and
\nfunctioning for what to us would be geologic time. It would be operated
\nby a society for whom stars are playthings and galaxies are villages.<\/p>\n
We have already referred to a kind of message given us
\nby the pulsars: their meaning by association with constellations named
\nand defined by we know not who. But surely if these are intentional
\ntransmitters, they themselves must be transmitting information.<\/p>\n
\nthey are intentional. This information tells us that there is a
\nGalactic society.<\/p>\n
\nmessage as well. But at this point, we will leave the unfolding story
\nto LaViolette and his book. We will give one hint, however. One would
\nexpect the first-order message to be of Galactic significance, and
\nthis, as divined by LaViolette, it surely is. LaViolette has looked
\ninto the astrophysical aspects of the association of several pulsars
\nwith supernova remnants and seen something that would be of critical
\nimportance to all civilizations in the Galaxy. Critical, meaning
\ncritical to their survival.<\/p>\n
\nbelieves may be the message of critical importance to civilizations in
\nour Galaxy (or in any galaxy) can be found here. Of course, the
\nultimate reference to Dr. LaViolette’s ideas is his own website.<\/p>\n
For the past several
\nyears, the SETI Institute’s Targeted Search System (TSS) has included
\nalgorithms for detecting a variety of pulsing signal in the final
\nanalysis stages of its receivers. This is not, of course, a search for
\npulsars. Nor is there even any need at this time to search for pulsars,
\nfor purposes of SETI, as so many of them are already known.<\/p>\n
\n"pulse" is defined as energy in a frequency bin exceeding some
\nthreshold value. This constitutes a very crude pulse receiver that
\nwould not be sensitive to a wide variety of "type 2" signals as
\ndescribed in The SETI Search Space. For one thing, the generic pulsing
\nsignal might consist of very short pulses with concommitant broad
\nspectra (such as pulsar pulses) whose energy would mostly be missed by
\nthe TSS algorithm. For another, the TSS algorithm can respond to only a
\nfew discrete pulse repetition rates.<\/p>\n
\nafterthought, tacked onto a receiver designed for monochromatic
\nsignals, and without even any rationale being offered in support of
\nit.17<\/p>\n